Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration—more specifically, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) —is an eye condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision (used for reading, driving, recognizing faces, etc.). It usually occurs in older adults and is a leading cause of vision loss in people over 50.

There are two main types:

1. Dry AMD

(more common, slower progressing):

- Caused by thinning of the macula and accumulation of tiny protein clumps called drusen.

- Vision gradually becomes blurry or distorted.

2. Wet AMD (less common but more severe):

- Caused by abnormal blood vessels growing under the retina that leak fluid or blood.

- Can lead to sudden and severe vision loss.

Symptoms may include:

- Blurry or fuzzy vision

- Difficulty seeing in low light

- Straight lines appearing wavy

- A dark or empty spot in the center of vision

There’s no cure, but treatments like medications, lifestyle changes (e.g., healthy diet, not smoking), or injections/laser therapy (for wet AMD) can slow progression.